Camera Parts .

An aperture is an opening, hole, or gap.

An shutter a device that opens and closes to expose the film in a camera. 

an exposure is the total amount of light allowed to fall on the photographic medium  during the process of taking a photograph

Depth of field refers to the range of distance that appears acceptably sharp. It varies depending on camera type, aperture and focusing distance, although print size and viewing distance can also influence our perception of depth of field. 

An f-stop is the opening that lets light into your camera. And so the numbers on the f-stop relate to the size of the opening that is letting light into your camera.

The focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be.